Don’t spend long periods of time with anyone who has an active TB infection, especially if they have been receiving treatment for less than two weeks. In particular, it is important to avoid spending time with TB patients in warm, stuffy rooms. If you are forced to be around TB patients, for example if you work in a care facility where TB is currently being treated, you will need to take protective measures, such as wearing a face mask, to avoid breathing in the TB bacteria. If a friend or family member has active TB, you can help to rid them of the disease and lessen your own risk of contracting it by ensuring that they strictly follow treatment instructions.
People with weakened immune system, such as those with HIV or AIDs. People who live with or care for someone with active TB, such as a close relative or a doctor/nurse. Healthcare and social workers who serve high-risk patients, such as people who are homeless. People born where TB is common, including children, and anyone who has immigrated within the last five years from areas that have a high TB rate. People who live in crowded, confined spaces such as prisons, nursing homes, or homeless shelters. People who abuse drugs and alcohol, or have little or no access to proper health care. People who live in or travel to countries where active TB is common, such as countries in Latin America, Africa and parts of Asia. [5] X Trustworthy Source National Health Service (UK) Public healthcare system of the UK Go to source
Eat a healthy, balanced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grains and lean meat. Avoid fatty, sugary and processed foods. Exercise often, at least three to four times a week. Try to incorporate some good cardiovascular exercise into your workouts, such as running, swimming or rowing. Cut down on alcohol consumption and avoid smoking or taking drugs. Get plenty of good quality sleep, ideally between seven and eight hours a night. Maintain good personal hygiene and try to spend as much time as possible outdoors, in the fresh air.
When a child has been tested negative for TB but will continue to be exposed to the disease, especially strains that are resistant to treatment. When a healthcare worker is continually exposed to tuberculosis, especially strains that are resistant to treatment. Before travelling to another country where tuberculosis is prevalent.
Skin test: The Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) requires injecting a protein solution sometime between 8 and 10 weeks after contact with an infected person. The patient must return to the medical provider two or three days later to have the skin reaction interpreted. Blood test: Although it’s not as commonplace as the skin test, the TB blood test only requires a single doctor visit and is less likely to result in misinterpretation by a medical professional. It is the necessary option for anyone who has received the BCG vaccination, as the vaccine can interfere with the accuracy of the tuberculin skin test. If your TB test is positive, you will need to undergo additional testing. Health professionals will need to determine whether you have a latent TB (which is not contagious) or active TB disease before proceeding with treatment. Tests may include a chest x-ray and a sputum test. [9] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to source
Although you don’t feel sick with a latent TB, and it isn’t contagious, you will probably be prescribed a course of antibiotics to kill the inactive TB germs and prevent tuberculosis from turning into an active disease. The two most common treatments are: Taking isoniazid daily or twice a week. The duration of the treatment is six or nine months. Or, for those who can’t tolerate isoniazid, taking rifampin daily for four months.
Symptoms of active TB include cough, sputum production, fever, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, chills and a loss of appetite. Nowadays, active TB is highly treatable with a combination of antibiotic medications, however the duration of treatment can be quite long, usually between six to twelve months. The most common medications to treat TB include isoniazid, rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane), ethambutol (Myambutol) and pyrazinamide. With active TB, you will usually need to take a combination of these drugs, especially if you have a particularly drug-resistant strain. Patients with resistance to both isoniazid and rifampin should be monitored for two years after treatment. If you follow your treatment plan exactly, you should start to feel better within a matter of weeks and you should no longer be contagious. However, it is essential that you finish your course of treatment, otherwise the TB will remain in your system and potentially become more drug resistant. [10] X Trustworthy Source American Lung Association Nonprofit health organization dedicated to improving lung health through education, advocacy, and research Go to source
You should also refrain from having visitors in the home until you are no longer infectious.
For this reason, you should also sleep alone rather than in the same room as other members of the household.
